Chapter 2: What is the UK?

This short chapter explains what the United Kingdom is made of. Expect questions on the four countries, capitals, the Union Flag and the currency.

The countries of the UK

The United Kingdom (UK) is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Great Britain means only England, Scotland and Wales — it does not include Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.

Capital cities

• London — capital of the UK and England
• Edinburgh — Scotland
• Cardiff — Wales
• Belfast — Northern Ireland

The Union Flag

The Union Flag (Union Jack) combines the crosses of St George (England), St Andrew (Scotland) and St Patrick (Ireland). Wales is not represented because it was already joined to England when the flag was made.

Currency

The currency is the pound sterling (£), divided into 100 pence.

Key facts to remember

• UK = England + Scotland + Wales + Northern Ireland.
• Great Britain = England + Scotland + Wales (no Northern Ireland).
• The Union Flag combines the crosses of St George, St Andrew and St Patrick.